What is Biodiversity and why is it important?

What is Biodiversity and why is it important?

Biodiversity refers to the variety of life on Earth. Locally, it includes all the plants, animals, fungi and microorganisms, as well as the habitats they live in, across Hastings and the surrounding area.

Biodiversity is fundamental to our health, wellbeing and quality of life. From birds visiting our gardens to the rare species found in protected habitats, every species plays a role in maintaining a healthy natural environment.

Healthy ecosystems provide essential services that we all rely on. These include:

• Clean air and water
• Food and natural resources
• Pollination of crops
• Flood regulation and climate resilience
• Opportunities for recreation and mental wellbeing

Why biodiversity matters now

Biodiversity is declining at an unprecedented rate, both globally and within the UK. Habitat loss, climate change, pollution, and unsustainable land use are placing increasing pressure on wildlife and natural systems.

The loss of species and habitats weakens ecosystems and reduces their ability to provide the services we depend on. Protecting and restoring biodiversity is therefore critical not only for wildlife, but for people and future generations.

The national and local picture

Across the UK, many habitats and species remain under threat. Pressures such as development, agricultural intensification, climate change and habitat fragmentation continue to impact the natural environment.

Local authorities play an important role in reversing this decline by protecting existing habitats, supporting nature recovery, and integrating biodiversity into planning and land management decisions.

Legal duties and national guidance

Under the Natural Environment and Rural Communities Act 2006, all public authorities have a duty to have regard to conserving biodiversity when carrying out their functions.

This duty has been strengthened by the Environment Act 2021, which introduces measures such as:

• A requirement for biodiversity net gain in most new developments
• Local Nature Recovery Strategies
• Stronger protections and targets for nature

Guidance for public authorities is provided by Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (Defra): https://www.gov.uk/guidance/biodiversity-duty-public-authority-duty-to-have-regard-to-conserving-biodiversity